We are gathered here today to offer a safe space to talk about personal file organization, or the lack thereof. You've probably seen other people navigate through their Mac file structure with ease; everything is where it should be as if the Mac is an extension of their mind. For others, their file system is so messy that if their Mac truly represented their thoughts, they’d probably be in a strait jacket.
However, most people probably fall somewhere in the middle. Whether you’re in the midst of an organizational emergency or you just want to be a bit more organized and efficient, we’ve got some quick and easy tips to help you achieve your goals.
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Folders are a great way to keep your various documents, photos, and other files organized and to keep your Mac's desktop uncluttered. You can create a new folder on a Mac in a matter of seconds.
Compare folders for matching data
To start organizing your Mac, you want to look through the file structure to pinpoint folders that can be moved around and potentially merged. When your nose is buried in work or personal projects, it's very easy to drag a file to a common folder, name it, move it, forget where you put it, and some days later create the common folder name again.
This can lead to folders with the same name scattered all over the place. If you find folders that you want to merge then you’re going to want to compare them for duplicate data. For instance, a “photo” folder on your system drive may have a lot of the same data as a “photo” folder on an external drive.
You can compare the folders manually, but macOS (or OS X) has a way to make the comparison of two folders so much easier.
Follow these easy steps:
Open Terminal (Applications>Utilities)
Type in diff -rq folder-1 folder-2
You will then be presented with a list of all the differences between the two folders, providing a quick overview of what you’re up against.
Note – use the names of the folders you want to compare instead of “folder-1” and “folder-2”.
How to merge folders on Mac without losing data
If, after a file compare, you see that there are files with the same name, then you’re going to want to merge folder contents.
For some reason, merging folders (copying a folder to a location that has a folder with the same name) in OS X is a lot trickier than it should be. If you aren’t acutely aware of what you’re doing, it’s very easy to end up overwriting files and losing content. But don’t worry, we’re going to show you how to merge folders on a Mac safely.
Merge folders using Finder
When dropping a folder into a location that has the same folder name, you will be met by a message asking if you want to replace the folder in the location or stop the process. Assuming you have different files with the same name, you’re going to want to choose “Stop” to prevent files being copied over.
To reveal the hidden merge option, follow these easy steps:
Drag the folder again, only this time hold down the Option key before releasing.
You should now have a new option called “Merge” – click it.
Now any files with the same name will automatically have a “2” added to the filename, so both the original and the new file will remain and nothing will be lost.
Merge folders using Terminal
An alternative method is to use Terminal and a command called, “ditto”. This will merge the contents of two folders, including any sub-folders within.
In the terminal window, type: ditto ~/source_folder ~/target_folder
Note - Use the actual name of the folders in place of “source_folder” and “target_folder”.
Now that your folders are merged it’s time to get rid of those annoying duplicate files. In the next section we have a tool that will remove them easily and safely.
Get rid of duplicate files
Attack of the Clones isn’t just a Star Wars movie; it is a challenge that directly relates to the problem of organizing files on a Mac. These days it is so easy to accidentally create an army of duplicate clone files, and there's no Jedi Knight to save you. You're going to have to fix up this mess yourself.
Don't feel bad, we all do it. We backup a folder to a different storage device; we upload files to cloud storage, and we have use apps that duplicate files on their own, either by design or mistake. These factors are not just huge contributors to a disorganized Mac, they can also waste a lot of HDD space.
Let’s look at the biggest victim of duplicate files – photos. It’s not uncommon for a Mac user to have the same photo in 3 or 4 different folder locations. Not only that, every photographer has redundant photos which, while technically different, are effectively the same photo (what is called a “similar” file) with a small change that is impossible to notice.
To clear up all those duplicate and similar photos with a manual file comparison will take hours if not days. If you don’t have the patience and time, then there’s an app called Gemini 2 that will compare all your files in minutes and present the duplicates on screen for you to keep or remove.
Gemini 2 has a smart algorithm that will also tackle the problem of similar photos, allowing you to clear up a lot of space that you would probably never get around to doing yourself. If you make a mistake, fear not, there is even a function for reversing the removal of duplicates, making sure that you never lose files that you want to keep.
You can download Gemini 2 for free to find duplicates and similar files on your Mac and storage devices.
Congratulations on your organized Mac
If there is one thing to take away from this article, it’s to realize that people with organized Mac’s are not special. Thanks to macOS and Gemini 2, anyone can quickly and easily organize their Mac files and their digital lives.
Now if only we had similar tools for our personal lives…
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In this article, we look at how to access the System folder and what you can modify within System Preferences, which is not hidden and contains valuable tools and ways to make changes within your Mac.
How to access the System folder
Apple prefers to hide folders that could be at risk from viruses and cyber-attacks. Not only that but if an inexperienced Mac user were to make a mistake — or delete something important — native or downloaded (third-party) applications could stop working. Therefore, it is safer if certain folders, such as the Library and/or System folder, remain hidden.
However, there are times when you need to access these folders. Maybe an app is misbehaving, so one way to solve this problem is to “Delete the application's plist,” which is only possible with access to the System folder or Library. Within these folders, you benefit from complete control and can modify settings or clear out cache files.
Access the System folder using Terminal
However, if you would prefer doing this the manual way, here is how you can access the System folder:
Launch Terminal; which you can find in /Applications/Utilities
Enter this command in Terminal: chflags nohidden ~/System
(If nothing shows up under that name, try /Library as an alternative)
Click Return. Make sure the command is executed.
Quit Terminal. The System folder should be visible in the Finder.
If you ever want to restore this to how it was before, enter the following command in Terminal: chflags hidden ~/System
Click Return again, and it should be back to how it was.
How to see Mac system files in Finder
Only attempt this method if you are comfortable using Terminal and have used it before. This method will make the folder permanently visible, so if you’d prefer it was only temporary, there is another way - for those using Mac OS X (or macOS) Mavericks and later.
Open a Finder window and go to your Home folder.
Within the Finder menu, click View > Show View Options.
Place a checkmark next to Show System or Library Folder.
And that should give you quick temporary access to the System folder. However, you may need to do that again after accessing it as Apple prefers to keep this hidden.
Pro Tip: If you’ve previously used iPhoto — but are now using Photos on your Mac — you could have duplicate iPhoto libraries. You could be amazed at how much space you could save.
How to access System Preferences?
Now, if you aren't looking for complete control of the apps on your Mac, there is another way to modify how everything operates.
Go to the Apple Menu.
Find System Preferences. Or you can access this through Siri, Finder, or the Applications Folder.
Within System Preferences, you can make a wide range of top-level system changes without needing to access anything hidden through Terminal or the Finder.
With this level of behind-the-scenes access, you can make improvements to the performance of your Mac. Delete apps that take up too much space. Customize how your macOS looks. If your Mac isn’t performing as well as you would like, gaining access to System and Library folders is one of the best ways to regain the speed and efficiency you once enjoyed.
Two more tricks to unlock Mac system folders
There's a special keyboard shortcut that displays the protected folders in Finder. All you need to do is to press: Shift + Command + Period character
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This immediately reveals the semi-transparent folders that are normally restricted for access. Repeat the combination to undo the operation.
View Mac System folder with CleanMyMac X
Another way to unlock the hidden space is to download the tool I often recommend, CleanMyMac X. It has the so-called Space Lens feature that builds the interactive map of your storage. You will see lots of folders you rarely get to visit, like Movies, Application cache, etc. Download the app's free edition here. Now you can explore the space 'bubbles,' zoom on hidden files and folders, and delete them right on the spot. A good way to free up space when you need it. Here is the System Folder as viewed from the Space Lens:
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Now you know everything about finding the System folder on a Mac. I hope you'll find this article helpful.